Supplement
Procyanidins stimulate endothelial NO synthase, inhibit matrix metalloproteinases, reduce NF-κB activation, enhance hyaluronic acid synthesis in skin, and improve microcirculation.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Superscript reference numbers link to the Sources bibliography.
Composite Rating
Blends evidence depth, community direction, safety friction, and completeness.
Evidence Intensity
100/100
High depth from human/RCT/meta counts
Community Direction
16
Positive Lean • confidence Moderate
Safety Friction
100/100
High signal from adverse/interaction markers
Data Completeness
100%
Studies 24 • mentions 15 • links 166
Not medical advice. This product is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions regarding a medical condition.
FDA disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Dietary supplements are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Results may vary. Not intended for use by pregnant or nursing women, individuals under 18, or those with known medical conditions without physician consultation.
If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.
Goal alignment: Heart Health, Skin Hair, Cognitive, Inflammation, Blood Sugar.[135,146,178, etc.]
Dose guide: Human-study daily dose: 125 mg-200 mg/day (higher-confidence extraction from PubMed abstracts)..[135,146,178, etc.]
Category
Botanical
Evidence Tier
ROBUST
Daily Guide
Human-study daily dose: 125 mg-200 mg/day (higher-confidence extraction from PubMed abstracts).
Clinical Depth
Humans: 151 • RCTs: 26 • Meta: 10
Cohort / Real-World
Cohort signals: 0
Safety Markers
Adverse signals: 95 • Interactions: 17
Freshness, trend, and study timeline for this item
Status
Trend
→ Stable evidence base
Depth
209 total studies · 15 recent
Timeline
Total indexed
209
Human studies
151
Animal-only studies
133
Safety adverse signals
95
In vitro / tissue
69
Randomized trials
26
Weighted direction score: 16 (Positive Lean)
≥2 meta-analyses OR (≥5 RCTs AND ≥25 human studies).
Total indexed
209
Human studies
151
Animal-only studies
133
Safety adverse signals
95
In vitro / tissue
69
Randomized trials
26
Interaction signals
17
Meta-analyses
10
Distribution of evidence by study design strength
Evidence Strength: High
Composite of study volume, RCTs, and meta-analyses
PMID 22336841 • 2012 Feb 15
Pycnogenol(®) for the treatment of chronic disorders.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
Open PubMedPMID 31763928 • 2020 Mar
Effect of Pycnogenol on Blood Pressure: Findings From a PRISMA Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Studies.
Angiology
Open PubMedPMID 40362854 • 2025 Apr 30
Impact of a Dietary Supplementation with French Maritime Pine Bark Extract Pycnogenol(®) on Salivary and Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers During Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy-A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Trial.
Nutrients
Open PubMedPMID 29018060 • 2018 Feb
Dietary supplements for treating osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
British journal of sports medicine
Open PubMedPMID 15764035 • 2004 Jul
Supplementation with Evelle improves skin smoothness and elasticity in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 62 women.
The Journal of dermatological treatment
Open PubMedPMID 33809656 • 2021 Mar 16
Efficacy of Functional Foods, Beverages, and Supplements Claiming to Alleviate Air Travel Symptoms: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Nutrients
Open PubMedPMID 33789311 • 2021
Oral Pycnogenol® Intake Benefits the Skin in Urban Chinese Outdoor Workers: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, and Crossover Intervention Study.
Skin pharmacology and physiology
Open PubMedPMID 22513958 • 2012 Apr 18
Pycnogenol® (extract of French maritime pine bark) for the treatment of chronic disorders.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
Open PubMedPMID 28153005 • 2017 Feb 2
Effects of an L-arginine-based multi ingredient product on endothelial function in subjects with mild to moderate hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.
BMC complementary and alternative medicine
Open PubMedPMID 39987124 • 2025 Feb 22
Does supplementation with pine bark extract improve cardiometabolic risk factors? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMC complementary medicine and therapies
Open PubMedPMID 20549654 • 2010 Aug
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study to evaluate the potential of pycnogenol for improving allergic rhinitis symptoms.
Phytotherapy research : PTR
Open PubMedPMID 17703218 • 2008 Mar-Apr
Improvement of erectile function with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.
International journal of impotence research
Open PubMedPMID 23447917 • 2013 Jan-Feb
Effect of low-dose French maritime pine bark extract on climacteric syndrome in 170 perimenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
The Journal of reproductive medicine
Open PubMedPMID 19142978 • 2009 Mar
Improvement of seminal parameters with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.
Phytotherapy research : PTR
Open PubMedPMID 18567279 • 2008 May
French maritime pine bark extract significantly lowers the requirement for analgesic medication in dysmenorrhea: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
The Journal of reproductive medicine
Open PubMedPMID 30770070 • 2019 Feb
The Potential Role of Arginine Supplements on Erectile Dysfunction: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.
The journal of sexual medicine
Open PubMedPMID 31637782 • 2020 Jan
Effect of pycnogenol supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
Phytotherapy research : PTR
Open PubMedPMID 31585179 • 2019 Dec
Effects of pycnogenol on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Pharmacological research
Open PubMedPMID 30456865 • 2019 Feb
The impact of pycnogenol supplementation on plasma lipids in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
Phytotherapy research : PTR
Open PubMedPMID 24346156 • 2014 May
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of pycnogenol on plasma lipids.
Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics
Open PubMedPMID 14659974 • 2004 Jan 2
Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract, improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients.
Life sciences
Open PubMedPMID 15363656 • 2004 Oct 8
Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II.
Life sciences
Open PubMedPMID 18019397 • 2007 Jun-Aug
Urinary catecholamines in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): modulation by a polyphenolic extract from pine bark (pycnogenol).
Nutritional neuroscience
Open PubMedPMID 19076553 • 2008 Nov
Nutritional supplementation for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.
Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
Open PubMedBenefit reports: 8
Adverse reports: 5
No-effect reports: 0
Mixed reports: 2
Unclear reports: 0
Signal confidence: 0.59
Benefits
Adverse
No Effect
Premium botanical with 100+ published studies. Notable for skin beauty and vascular health. Pycnogenol brand is the gold standard. | Step2: Strong positive empirical sentiment with adequate confidence; boost recommendation priority.
Reddit evidence: 8 mentions (confidence 0.59) across Fitness, Biohackers, NootropicsDepot, Minoxbeards.
Amazon signal: 0 products scanned (confidence 0.00).
GNC signal: 0 products scanned (confidence 0.00) [ERROR].
terminated
Search fetch failed: Failed to fetch after retries: https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=relevance&t=year&limit=12&q=%22pycnogenol%22%20(supplement%20OR%20dosage%20OR%20stack%20OR%20side%20effects%20OR%20review)%20(subreddit%3ASupplements%20OR%20subreddit%3ANootropics%20OR%20subreddit%3ABiohackers%20OR%20subreddit%3Alongevity%20OR%20subreddit%3ANutrition%20OR%20subreddit%3AHubermanLab%20OR%20subreddit%3ASleep%20OR%20subreddit%3AFitness%20OR%20subreddit%3Aketoscience%20OR%20subreddit%3AStackAdvice)
Use adverse/interactions PubMed signal counts for screening; perform clinician review before high-dose or multi-drug stack use.
Human-study daily dose signal: 125 mg-200 mg/day (confidence HIGH).
Extracted from 6 dosing mentions across 5 PubMed studies (mg/day).
post • r/Fitness • adverse
Examine updates: Lots of boner pills When I mean lots, I do mean lots; I sorta went overboard this week. The only 'major' update is yohimbine though, and it is a hard guy to study. [Muira Puama](http://examine.com/supplements/Muira+Puama/)…
Open mentionpost • r/Biohackers • mixed
If you were building a “sexual performance stack” from scratch, what’s in it? I’m curious how this sub would architect this from first principles. Not “take Viagra and call it a day.” I mean if you were optimizing the entire sexual respons…
Open mentionpost • r/NootropicsDepot • benefit
Nitric Oxide boosters to aid gym and bedroom performance (I tested over 100 - results inside) A while ago I made a post about my NO tests experiments in a "slightly" different sub: Since then I have been testing different combinations to f…
Open mentionpost • r/Minoxbeards • benefit
MEGA Post- I use Minox, Dermaroll, Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), Tretinoin [Vitamin A], Vitamin C, Hyaluronic Acid, Peppermint, L-carnitine L-tartrate (LCLT), and Creatine ------ Also Discuss Keratin, Collagen, DHT Blockers [Rosemary, Te…
Open mentionpost • r/30PlusSkinCare • benefit
OMG THIS STUFF WORKED! (Updates on omnilux, supplements, etc) Hey! So quick background before the rest of post. I am 33 and have been into skincare for over a decade. I've used tretinoin and adapelene for 11 years, and coupled it with some…
Open mentionpost • r/30PlusSkinCare • benefit
Favourite & least favourite products from the ordinary Wanted to just start a little discussion board about your favourites from the ordinary and how they benefit you/your least favourites and why they’re not ideal for you. It seems to be …
Open mentionpost • r/SkincareAddiction • benefit
[Sun Care][Review] 15 Sunscreens for Sensitive Skin at Low Price Point (with Photos + Research!) - PART TWO **15 Sunscreens for Sensitive Skin at Low Price Point (with Photos + Research!) - PART TWO** I'm back for ROUND TWO of sunscreens, …
Open mentionpost • r/covidlonghaulers • mixed
why isn't pycnogenol recommended more often? according to [this study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34060731/), patients taking pycnogenol over 3 months showed: -significantly improved endothelial function -an improvement of the capilla…
Open mentioncomment • r/Fitness • unclear
I'd put my faith in a Pycnogenol+Citrulline combo if its organic erectile dysfunction (due to blood circulation being poor, having the desire for sexy time but not being able to get it up) and if its psychogenic erectile dysfunction (psych…
Open mentionamazon
Amazon search for Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol®)
Rating: n/a | Reviews: n/a
Open productEvidence Sources
Community Sources
META_ANALYSIS • 2012 • Adults
9 RCTs with 549 subjects.
Outcome: Pycnogenol 100-200 mg/day significantly reduced SBP (−3.2 mmHg), improved endothelial function, reduced LDL oxidation, and lowered fasting glucose.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • Adults
62 postmenopausal women over 12 weeks.
Outcome: 100 mg/day significantly improved skin elasticity (+25%), hydration, and reduced hyperpigmentation (−37%) by enhancing hyaluronic acid synthesis.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • Adults
60 healthy professionals aged 35-55.
Outcome: 150 mg/day for 12 weeks improved cognitive function scores (+8.9%), attention, executive function, and sustained mental performance.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • Humans + preclinical triage
Counts aggregated from automated literature sweep and tiering rules.
Outcome: Tier HIGH; humans 151, RCTs 26, meta-analyses 10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2012 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 22336841 from The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2020 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 31763928 from Angiology.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2025 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 40362854 from Nutrients.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2018 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 29018060 from British journal of sports medicine.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2004 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 15764035 from The Journal of dermatological treatment.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2021 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 33809656 from Nutrients.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2021 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 33789311 from Skin pharmacology and physiology.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2012 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 22513958 from The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2017 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 28153005 from BMC complementary and alternative medicine.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2025 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 39987124 from BMC complementary medicine and therapies.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2010 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 20549654 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2008 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 17703218 from International journal of impotence research.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2013 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 23447917 from The Journal of reproductive medicine.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2009 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 19142978 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2008 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 18567279 from The Journal of reproductive medicine.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 30770070 from The journal of sexual medicine.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2020 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 31637782 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 31585179 from Pharmacological research.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 30456865 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2014 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 24346156 from Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2004 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 14659974 from Life sciences.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2004 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 15363656 from Life sciences.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2007 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 18019397 from Nutritional neuroscience.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2008 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 19076553 from Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists).
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2007 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 18037769 from Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22390677 from Nutrition journal.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2008 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 19083426 from Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2009 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 19405040 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30888217 from Physiology international.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31855055 from Bratislavske lekarske listy.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32046747 from Trials.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29246219 from BMC complementary and alternative medicine.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28351412 from Trials.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25531191 from Minerva urologica e nefrologica = The Italian journal of urology and nephrology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25732262 from Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25686055 from Indian journal of ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24675223 from Journal of neurosurgical sciences.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26635191 from Journal of neurosurgical sciences.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24008606 from Minerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 16699814 from European child & adolescent psychiatry.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2004 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 15497024 from Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24247188 from The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 7.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2001 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 11163532 from Free radical biology & medicine.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 7.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2002 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12530550 from Lipids.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2008 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 18701642 from Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England).
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28116886 from Minerva ginecologica.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2011 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22108479 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2011 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22108481 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 21618639 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22270036 from Skin pharmacology and physiology.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23359520 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 16521117 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2008 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 18927527 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 1999 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 10498385 from Thrombosis research.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2003 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12525796 from Journal of the American Dietetic Association.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2003 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12851125 from Journal of sex & marital therapy.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24051943 from Minerva ginecologica.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2008 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 18618008 from Molecular vision.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2000 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 10793299 from Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.).
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 16330178 from Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.
Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 38953757 from Minerva surgery.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 38980278 from Minerva surgery.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31905017 from Annual review of food science and technology.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 5.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31347820 from Minerva cardioangiologica.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31850725 from Minerva cardioangiologica.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32199407 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30964246 from Minerva cardioangiologica.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32429631 from Minerva cardioangiologica.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30561176 from Minerva endocrinologica.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24637472 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24988090 from Minerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24452082 from International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25971329 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26180581 from Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29512362 from Minerva cardioangiologica.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25519846 from International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30328688 from Minerva cardioangiologica.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceCOHORT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 16887024 from BMC clinical pharmacology.
Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30797623 from Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland).
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 5.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 38299491 from Journal of neurosurgical sciences.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 5.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 36153882 from Journal of neurosurgical sciences.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 5.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31957998 from Journal of neurosurgical sciences.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 5.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29754480 from Journal of neurosurgical sciences.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 5.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2005 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 15640487 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 5.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29131240 from European review for medical and pharmacological sciences.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 5.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29587355 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.9/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 37162467 from Minerva gastroenterology.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.9/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2010 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 20598812 from Fitoterapia.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 33166265 from Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29506080 from Rheumatology (Oxford, England).
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25931421 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23775628 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30232562 from Current rheumatology reports.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2016 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26492562 from Skin pharmacology and physiology.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28836883 from Journal of medicinal food.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2000 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 10889455 from Free radical biology & medicine.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22242733 from Research in sports medicine (Print).
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2009 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 19344299 from Expert review of neurotherapeutics.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23393691 from Advances in experimental medicine and biology.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30678156 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2004 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 15478211 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2011 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 21044675 from Journal of ethnopharmacology.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2002 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 11996210 from International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.
Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30611275 from Nutrition journal.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 38592434 from Minerva surgery.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 38847768 from Minerva surgery.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2025 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 40371616 from Minerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2025 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 40163019 from Minerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 39259143 from Minerva surgery.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2023 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 37534931 from Minerva surgery.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 38381030 from Minerva surgery.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23139249 from American journal of epidemiology.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 38197571 from Minerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2025 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 39259145 from Minerva surgery.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2023 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 37382514 from Minerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 38101241 from Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 34180638 from Minerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2021 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 34738775 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31633315 from Minerva cardioangiologica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2021 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 34915691 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32052619 from Minerva stomatologica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 35815767 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31637898 from Minerva cardioangiologica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2021 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 33541059 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30986309 from Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.).
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30215292 from Rejuvenation research.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 36533666 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31670494 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31625707 from Minerva cardioangiologica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 34060731 from Minerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32064827 from Minerva ginecologica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31099529 from Minerva endocrinologica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32043843 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 35294211 from Bratislavske lekarske listy.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29947491 from Minerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26505327 from Minerva cardioangiologica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2016 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26496510 from Minerva cardioangiologica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29975020 from Minerva cardioangiologica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29737150 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25625225 from International journal of oncology.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26428638 from Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25424463 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25391252 from International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26025814 from Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2005 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 15607555 from Medical hypotheses.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.0/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2011 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22108470 from Panminerva medica.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.0/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2009 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 19508901 from International immunopharmacology.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.0/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2005 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 15863210 from Leukemia research.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.0/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2003 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 14656398 from Reproductive biomedicine online.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.0/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2002 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12127300 from Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society.
Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.0/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open sourceMECHANISTIC • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23020020 from Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM.
Outcome: Study design: CASE_REPORT. Quality score: 3.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]
Open source